SUBJUNCTIVE

SUBJUNCTIVE
Kalimat pengandaian mempunyai beberapa bentuk seperti:
a. if conditional
b. wish
c. as if atau as though
d. would rather

a. IF CONDITIONAL
If conditonal terdiri dari 3 tipe yaitu:
A. Tipe present yaitu tipe pengandaian yang kemungkinan terjadinya 50 % dan kemungkian tidak terjadinya pun 50%. Pola kalimatnya adalah:

S + WILL/SHALL + inf + IF + S + V1 (s/es)
S + WILL/SHALL + be ¬+ + IF + S + V1 (s/es)
Examples:
7. She will tell the truth if you keep silent.
8. I will understand if he explains it clearly.
9. If they don’t send them back soon, we will call the police.
10. If she gets the news, we will be very happy.

B. Tipe Uunreal Present yaitu tipe pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi pada waktu sekarang. Pola kalimatnya adalah:

S + WOULD + inf + IF + S + V2
S + WOULD + inf + IF + S + WERE + N/ADJ/ADV
Examples:
1. I would do anything you want if you were my boyfriend.
2. If they didn’t visit us now, we wouldn’t forgive them.
3. Would you spend your time with us if we stay in your place?
4. He would be very happy if she met him
5. If I were him, I wouldn’t accept the gift.

C. Tipe Unreal Past yaitu tipe pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena peristiwanya sudah terjadi. Pola kalimatnya adalah:

S + WOULD HAVE + V3 + IF + S + HAD + V3
S + WOULD HAVE + BEEN + IF + S + HAD + V3

Examples:
1. We would have brought something if we had had a picnic.
2. If he hadn’t studied studied before, would he have been able to do the test?
3. They wouldn’t have been hungry if they had had breakfast before.
4. Would she have seen Mr Soekarno if she had stayed there?
5. I would have done the work if you had asked me to.

B. WISH
Wish adalah salah satu bentuk pengandaian yang lain. Pola kalimatnya agak khusus karena tidak sesuai kelaziman; lazimnya dalam satu kalimat selalu ada keselarasan tenses, apabila kalimat pertama dalam bentuk present maka kalimat yang lain(dalam satu kalimat itu) juga dalam bentuk present. Pada bentuk wish ini pola kalimatnya seperti berikut:
S + WISH/WISHES + S + V2 (kalimat dalam bentuk simple past tense)
S + WISHED + S + HAD + V3

Examples:
1. I wish I could help you. (kenyataanya: I can’t help you)
2. She wishes you told the truth. (kenyataanya: you don’t tell the truth)
3. They wished we had experienced a great thing. (kenyataanya: we didn’t have a great thing)
4. We wished you had been our relative (kenyataanya: you weren’t our relative)

C.AS IF/AS THOUGH
As if/ as though berarti seolah-olah. Ini juga merupakan bentuk kalimat yang tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan. Pola kalimatnya sama dengan bentuk wish yaitu:
S + V1(s/es) + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + V2 (kalimat dalam bentuk simple past tense)
Examples:
1. She behaves as if she didn’t know anything.
2. He pretends as though everything were under control.
3. They thought as if we had done this before.
4. I felt as though I had been in a paradise.

Note:
To be yang digunakan adalah to be were dan been


D. WOULD RATHER
Selain digunakan dalam bentuk preference, kata would rather juga bisa digunakan dalam bentuk subjunctive tetapi dengan pola kalimat yang berbeda yaitu:
S + WOULD RATHER + S + V 2

Examples :
1. I would rather you stayed there before I came home.
2. I would rather he didn’t laugh at her anymore.
3. We would rather they were good boys.